Uncertainties Evaluation of Loads and Loading Conditions
Franziska Schmidt; Marcel Nowak; Mariia Nesterova; Oliver Fischer
Abstract
When dealing with the construction of a bridge or the assessment of an existing bridge to traffic loads, one important point is the prediction of reliability levels for critical details to the expected traffic loads in its remaining lifetime: this is done here for details of a steel-orthotropic bridge ...
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When dealing with the construction of a bridge or the assessment of an existing bridge to traffic loads, one important point is the prediction of reliability levels for critical details to the expected traffic loads in its remaining lifetime: this is done here for details of a steel-orthotropic bridge deck based on limited traffic monitoring data. A comparison of results from different statistical approaches is made by analyzing the recorded data for the traffic actions: to do that, the work begins with the writing of limit state functions for the ultimate limit state using various probability distributions, to evaluate the corresponding reliability indexes. Indeed, three methods to assess extreme values, Generalized Extreme Value, Peaks-over-Threshold and Level Crossing Counting, are applied. Therefore, one of the extrapolation methods that have been used in the background works for the European Norms (Eurocode 1) is treated here. Moreover, the comparison with the European design load model and the corresponding ultimate limit state is made.
Uncertainties Evaluation of Loads and Loading Conditions
Farshad Dorri; Hooman Ghasemi; Andrzej Nowak
Abstract
Finding an appropriate system to absorb the intended energy of the earthquake is of great importance in seismic region. The eccentric bracing frame (EBF) is one of the structural systems that reveal proper behavior during earthquakes phenomenon. In doing so, design codes attempt to optimize EBF seismic ...
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Finding an appropriate system to absorb the intended energy of the earthquake is of great importance in seismic region. The eccentric bracing frame (EBF) is one of the structural systems that reveal proper behavior during earthquakes phenomenon. In doing so, design codes attempt to optimize EBF seismic behave to avoid failure of the earthquake regarding a set of the criteria. Indeed, the dynamic nonlinear approaches are the most powerful methods which solve the motion equations based on the time history of the ground motion. However, the dynamic nonlinear methods require a rigorous effort to nail the structural responses. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simplified approach such a pushover method which is based on the non-linear static analysis. The main attempt of this research is to present a simplified push overload pattern for EBF system to sufficiently divulge the structural performance subjected to the seismic loadings. In this investigation, three models of the middle rise and tall rise, 10, 20, 30 stories of buildings are considered, which are designed according to the available codes. Accordingly, several different load patterns are developed. The idea behind of each proposed load patterns inspired by the deflection of a rod subjected to the flame. Herein, the meaning of the flame refers to the region of the structures which is subjected to the plastic hinges.
